Comprehensive evaluation of diabetes subtypes in a European cohort reveals stronger differences of lifestyle, education and psychosocial parameters compared to metabolic or inflammatory factors
Authors' conclusion
The study validates the ANDIS classification framework's applicability not only at the time point of manifestation but also in cohorts with pre-existing diabetes. While we did not find major differences regarding the classical metabolic, microbial and nutritional parameters, we identified several significant associations with lifestyle factors. Our findings underscore the importance of personalized, subtype-specific therapies not solely focusing on anthropometric and laboratory markers but comprehensively addressing the patient's own personality and situation of life.
Study context
- Population
- Participants with diabetes and matched metabolically healthy controls, German FoCus cohort208 with diabetes
- Participants
- 416 participants
- Exposure
- Diabetes subtypes vs metabolically healthy controls
- Controlsn = 208reference
- Outcome
- Subtype distribution
Methodological detailsmatched metabolically healthy controls, ANDIS classification framework
- Matched metabolically healthy controls
- ANDIS classification framework
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-6) and GLP-1
- Similarly elevated across all subtypes vs controls
Gut microbiota and dietary patterns
- Only minor differences between subtypes
Smoking, sleep duration, physical activity and psychological aspects
- Varied significantly between subtypes
Educational status
- Lower educational status especially for severe insulin-deficient diabetes (SIDD)-like and severe insulin-resistant diabetes (SIRD)-like
Cardio-metabolic comorbidities
- Significant differences in presence of diseases and in age of onset between subtypes
Original publication
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