Comparison of demographics and treatment outcome in children with type 1 diabetes related to the economic background of their country of residence: observations from the SWEET database
Authors' conclusion
GDP is significantly, but not linearly, associated with technology use and metabolic outcomes in pediatric T1D. Middle GDP countries achieved the best metabolic control, underscoring the need for equitable resource allocation.
Study context
- Population
- Individuals <25 years with T1D >3 months, SWEET registry centers (2022–2023)
- Participants
- 54,285 individuals130 centers
- Exposure
- Gross domestic product (GDP) quartiles of country of residence
- Outcome
- HbA1c by GDP quartile
Methodological detailsregistry-based, multicentre
- Registry-based
- Multicentre
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
| Outcome | Lowest | Lower-middle | Highest |
|---|---|---|---|
| BMI SDS by GDP | + 0.04 | — not stated in the abstract | + 0.89 |
| DKA | — not stated in the abstract | 0.90 events/100 PY | 3.10 events/100 PY |
— not stated in the abstract
Technology use by GDP
- Insulin pump use range
- 17.4-70.2 %
- CGM use range
- 36.2-91.5 %
- AID use range
- 11.2-38.2 %
- Rapid-acting analog use range
- 56.9-78.2 %
- Technology use increased with GDP
BMI SDS by GDP
- BMI SDS increased with GDP
Severe hypoglycaemia
- Severe hypoglycaemia range across GDP quartiles
- 9.6 to 1.3 events/100 PY
Comorbidity screening
- Screening rates for comorbidities peaked in middle GDP quartiles
Safety
- Severe hypoglycemia range across GDP quartiles (events/100 PY)
- 9.6 to 1.3
Original publication
Comparison of demographics and treatment outcome in children with type 1 diabetes related to the economic background of their country of residence: observations from the SWEET database. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. Published 22 December 2025. doi:10.
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