Comparative dementia risk associated with SGLT2 inhibitors versus DPP-4 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes following traumatic brain injury: A propensity score–matched Cohort study
Authors' conclusion
Among patients with T2DM following TBI, DPP-4 inhibitor use was associated with higher dementia risk and mortality compared with SGLT2 inhibitor use.
Study context
- Population
- Adults aged ≥ 50 years with T2D and a first documented traumatic brain injury (TBI) between 2014 and 2025, TriNetX US Collaborative Networkmatched cohort
- Participants
- 5,357 vs 5,357
- Exposure
- DPP-4i vs SGLT2i
- DPP-4 inhibitorn = 5,357
- SGLT2 inhibitorn = 5,357reference
- Outcome
- Dementia risk
- Follow-up
- From 180 days after TBI for up to 5 years
Methodological detailsactive-comparator, 1:1 propensity score matched
- Active-comparator
- 1:1 propensity score matched
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Dementia · up to 5 years
DPP-4i vs SGLT2iHazard ratio (95 % CI)P value
Dementia
1.28(1.08–1.51)
P = 0.005- NNT ≈ 32
- absolute risk difference 3.1 %
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
| Outcome | HR | P value |
|---|---|---|
| All-cause mortalityDPP-4i vs SGLT2i | 1.26 | P < 0.001 |
Original publication
Comparative dementia risk associated with SGLT2 inhibitors versus DPP-4 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes following traumatic brain injury: A propensity score–matched Cohort study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. Published 16 July 2026. doi:10.
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