Circulating amino acids and Type 2 diabetes in a Latin American population-based cohort
Authors' conclusion
Elevated plasma BCAA concentrations in Chilean adults were significantly associated with the prevalence of T2D, while only high isoleucine was associated with the incidence of T2D. These findings could inform risk stratification by specific metabolic mechanisms and guide future research on targeted interventions.
Study context
- Population
- Adults aged 38 to 74 years, agricultural population of Molina County, Central Chile (MAUCO cohort, enrolled 2014)of 2000 selected for metabolomics
- Participants
- 1,738 adults
- Exposure
- Circulating amino acids and T2D prevalence and incidence
- Outcome
- T2D prevalence and incidence (ADA guidelines)
Methodological detailscross-sectional and longitudinal analyses, adjusted for sex, age, education, BMI, smoking, alcohol, physical activity and Mediterranean diet score
- Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses
- Adjusted for sex, age, education, BMI, smoking, alcohol, physical activity and Mediterranean diet score
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
T2D prevalence (cross-sectional analysis)
- Plasma branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and T2D, aOR
- 2.1 (95% CI 1.80-2.50)
- Plasma alanine and T2D, aOR
- 1.57 (95% CI 1.37-1.80)
- Histidine and T2D (inverse), aOR
- 0.80 (95% CI 0.69-0.91)
- Glycine and T2D (inverse), aOR
- 0.68 (95% CI 0.57-0.80)
- Glutamine and T2D (inverse), aOR
- 0.64 (95% CI 0.56-0.74)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Incident T2D · median follow-up 4.3 years
- New T2D cases
- 127 (10.5% incidence)
- High isoleucine and incident T2D, aHR
- 1.31 (95% CI 1.10-1.56)
- Similar pattern to prevalence; only high isoleucine reached statistical significance
Original publication
Circulating amino acids and Type 2 diabetes in a Latin American population-based cohort. Cardiovasc Diabetol. Published 26 March 2026. doi:10.
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