Cardiorenal Outcomes of Sodium–Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus With Nephrotic‐Range Proteinuria: A Multi‐Institutional Target Trial Emulation
Main finding · MAKEResult — go to the resultHazard ratio 0.75 95% CI 0.65–0.86Authors' conclusion
Among adults with T2DM and nephrotic-range proteinuria, SGLT2i versus DPP4i was associated with lower long-term risks of ESKD and all-cause mortality and no clear differences in cardiovascular or safety outcomes were observed.
Study context
- Population
- Adults with T2D and nephrotic-range proteinuria (UPCR > 3500 mg/g or UACR > 1967 mg/g), TriNetX network; mean UPCR 5181–5416 mg/gmatched cohort
- Exposure
- SGLT2i vs DPP-4i
- Outcome
- Major adverse kidney events (MAKE)
Methodological detailstarget trial emulation, new-user, active-comparator, propensity score matching (1:1), multi-institutional (TriNetX network)
- Target trial emulation
- New-user, active-comparator
- Propensity score matching (1:1)
- Multi-institutional (TriNetX network)
Main finding
MAKE
Hazard ratio
0.75
95% CI 0.65–0.86
By group
SGLT2ivs DPP4i
HR 0.75 (95% CI 0.65–0.86)
As reported in the abstract
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Secondary outcomes
| Outcome | HR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| ESKD on dialysisSGLT2ivs DPP4i | 0.73 (0.62–0.85) | |
| All-cause mortalitySGLT2ivs DPP4i | 0.71 (0.55–0.91) | |
| 0.512Hazard ratio (log scale) |
Cardiovascular events
- No clear differences between groups in cardiovascular events
Safety
Safety outcomes (genital infection, ketoacidosis, hypoglycaemia, urinary tract infection)
- No clear differences between groups in safety outcomes
Parts of this Brief are withheld: the automatic checks could not confirm them against the abstract.
Original publication
Cardiorenal Outcomes of Sodium–Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus With Nephrotic‐Range Proteinuria: A Multi‐Institutional Target Trial Emulation. Diabetes Obes Metab. Published 13 April 2026. doi:10.
Composed by AI from the published abstract and checked against it. How Briefs are made →