Caloric Restriction, the Menstrual Cycle, and Sleep in Women Without Obesity
Authors' conclusion
Short-term modest caloric restriction independently disrupts sleep and exacerbates changes in sleep that occur across the menstrual cycle in healthy, young women without obesity.
Study context
- Population
- Healthy women without obesity, aged 23.6 ± 2.3 years (mean ± SD)
- Participants
- 17 women
- Comparison
- Deficient energy availability diet vs neutral energy availability diet
- Outcome
- Sleep (actigraphy) by diet and menstrual cycle phase
Methodological details2 menstrual cycles
- 2 menstrual cycles
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
- Diet effect on wake after sleep onset (WASO)
- P = .004
- Cycle phase effect on WASO
- P = .007
- Diet effect on number of awakenings (NOA)
- P = .03
- Cycle phase effect on NOA
- P = .0006
Further findings
Orexin and sleep · fifth day of each diet
- Orexin positively associated with WASO
- P = 0.02
- Orexin positively associated with sleep fragmentation index
- P = 0.001
- Orexin positively associated with NOA
- P = 0.009
- Orexin inversely related to SE
- P = 0.02
Urinary PDG and sleep
- Increasing PDG associated with WASO
- P < 0.05
- Increasing PDG associated with duration of awakenings
- P < 0.05
- Increasing PDG inversely associated with SE
- P < 0.01
Urinary E1G and sleep
- Increasing E1G positively associated with WASO
- P < 0.05
- Increasing E1G positively associated with NOA
- P < 0.01
Original publication
Caloric Restriction, the Menstrual Cycle, and Sleep in Women Without Obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. Published 5 March 2025. doi:10.
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