Associations of High BMI and Excessive Gestational Weight Gain With Pregnancy Outcomes in Women With Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors' conclusion
Addressing maternal BMI prepregnancy and preventing excessive GWG should be key clinical priorities to improve outcomes in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes.
Study context
- Population
- Pregnant women with T1D; studies 1978–2019; no data from Asia and Africa29 studies (pregnancies)
- Participants
- 18,965 pregnancies
- Comparison
- Higher preconception BMI or excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) vs lower BMI or non-excessive GWG
- Outcome
- Perinatal complications
Methodological detailsSearched Medline, Embase, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane to January 2024, Limitations: retrospective designs, variable measurement of exposures and outcomes, few studies for some outcomes
- Searched Medline, Embase, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane to January 2024
- Limitations: retrospective designs, variable measurement of exposures and outcomes, few studies for some outcomes
Pooled result
As reported in the abstract
Odds ratio (95% CI)
Preconception BMI (per 1 kg/m² increase)3% increase
1.03(1.01–1.06)
GWG (per 1 kg increase)11% increase
1.11(1.04–1.18)
Preconception BMI ≥ 25 kg/m²22% increase
1.22(1.11–1.34)
Excessive GWG50% increase
1.50(1.31–1.73)
Each row per its own increment, as printed
Further pooled results
Individual perinatal outcomes
- BMI associated with congenital malformation, preeclampsia and neonatal ICU admission
- Excessive GWG associated with preeclampsia, cesarean delivery, large for gestational age and macrosomia
Original publication
Associations of High BMI and Excessive Gestational Weight Gain With Pregnancy Outcomes in Women With Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Diabetes Care. Published 7 August 2024. doi:10.
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