Associations between HbA1c and complications in children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes before age 6: A 30-year follow-up study
Authors' conclusion
Regardless of pre-existing childhood control, adolescent hyperglycemia leads to higher neuropathy risk in adulthood. Adolescent glycemic management is crucial, and individuals with adolescent hyperglycemia may require more support transitioning to adult care.
Study context
- Population
- Children diagnosed with T1D between 1990–1992 (early-onset; mean diagnosis age 2.9 years), Cognition and Longitudinal Assessment of Risk Factors over 30 Years cohort, Australia; 56 % femaleof 43 eligible
- Participants
- 30 children
- Outcome
- 30-year glycemic trajectory (HbA1c) and association of childhood/adolescent stages with subsequent microvascular disease
Methodological details30-year follow-up
- 30-year follow-up
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
average 29.7 years (SD = 3.9 years)
- Neuropathy
- 13 (33 %)
- Diabetes-related eye disease
- 19 (63 %)
- Nephropathy
- 3 (10 %)
- Mean HbA1c, adolescence
- 9.0 % [74.9 mmol/mol], 95 %CI 8.6-9.3[70.5-78.1]
- Mean HbA1c, childhood (lower than adolescence, p < 0.001)
- 8.2 % [66.1 mmol/mol], 95 %CI 7.8-8.5[61.7-69.4]
- Mean HbA1c, adulthood (lower than adolescence)
- 8.2 % [66.1 mmol/mol], 95 %CI 7.8-8.5[61.7-69.4]
- Greater deviation from mean childhood HbA1c and neuropathy risk, RRR
- 7.8 (95 %CI 1.1-57.4, p = 0.009)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Original publication
Associations between HbA1c and complications in children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes before age 6: A 30-year follow-up study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. Published 1 September 2025. doi:10.
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