Associations between diet composition, dietary pattern, and weight outcomes after bariatric surgery: a systematic review
Authors' conclusion
There was no strong evidence to support significant associations between diet composition and weight outcomes post-bariatric surgery. The heterogeneity in study design and quality may reduce generalizability to external populations. Individualized dietary recommendations may be useful to support long-term post-surgery weight outcomes. More studies are needed to define and measure diet quality in this patient cohort.
Study context
- Population
- Adults ≥12 months after bariatric surgery; CINAHL, Cochrane, Embase, MEDLINE and Scopus searched up to June 2021
- Participants
- 5,065 adults36 studies
- Comparison
- Diet composition, dietary pattern and weight outcomes after bariatric surgery
- Outcome
- Association between dietary intakes (≥1 macronutrient, food group or dietary pattern) and weight outcomes
- Follow-up
- 12 months or longer after surgery
Methodological detailsrisk of bias assessed with SIGN checklists, NHMRC Level of Evidence and Grades for Recommendations
- Risk of bias assessed with SIGN checklists
- NHMRC Level of Evidence and Grades for Recommendations
Pooled result
As reported in the abstract
Association between diet composition and weight outcomes
- Up to 24 months: findings on the association between long-term weight outcomes and dietary composition were mixed
- After 24 months: consistently no significant association between weight loss and macronutrient composition or core food group patterns
- After 24 months: no significant association between carbohydrate, protein or food group patterns and weight recurrence
- After 24 months: a single cohort study reported a weak association between diet quality score and weight recurrence
- 9 interventional studies (5 RCTs) and 27 observational cohort studies
- Sample sizes 20-1610; follow-up 1 year-12 years
- Level of evidence II to IV; risk of bias low to high
Original publication
Associations between diet composition, dietary pattern, and weight outcomes after bariatric surgery: a systematic review. Int J Obes (Lond). Published 6 July 2023. doi:10.
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