Effects of weight control interventions on cardiovascular outcomes: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses
Authors' conclusion
Weight control interventions are associated with improved all-cause mortality and cardiovascular outcomes. High- to moderate-quality evidence supported benefits of GLP1-RAs in individuals with type 2 diabetes or overweight. Dietary, surgical, and exercise interventions showed modest effects. No consistent cardiovascular benefit was observed for comprehensive lifestyle interventions. Weight Control Interventions and Cardiovascular Outcomes. Associations between five categories of weight control interventions-pharmacological interventions, bariatric surgery, dietary interventions, exercise interventions, and comprehensive lifestyle interventions-and seven cardiovascular outcomes are illustrated. Beneficial associations are indicated in pink, and interventions with no observed associations are shown in green. Created in BioRender. Chen, X. (2025) https://BioRender.com/km8jw8h .
Study context
- Population
- Meta-analyses reporting pooled effect sizes for all-cause mortality or CV outcomes; PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library to June 202447 effect sizes · 31 articles
- Comparison
- Weight control interventions on all-cause mortality and CV outcomes
- Outcome
- All-cause mortality and CV outcomes
Methodological detailsquality assessed with AMSTAR and GRADE, No new meta-analysis conducted; data re-analyzed when required for consistency
- Quality assessed with AMSTAR and GRADE
- No new meta-analysis conducted; data re-analyzed when required for consistency
Pooled result
As reported in the abstract
- GLP1-RAs associated with reduced all-cause mortality, MACE, stroke, CV mortality, MI and HF in T2D or overweight/obesity (high- to moderate-quality evidence)
- Bariatric surgery consistently associated with reduced risks for all CV outcomes except AF
- Low-fat diets linked to lower all-cause mortality; Mediterranean and Nordic diets showed benefits for stroke and CV mortality
- Physical activity associated with reduced all-cause and CV mortality
- Comprehensive lifestyle interventions showed no significant CV benefit
- Most evidence of moderate or low certainty (bias, imprecision, inconsistency)
Original publication
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