Association of menopausal hormone therapy with risk of cardiovascular disease in Korean women
Main finding · CVDResult — go to the resultHazard ratio 1.22 CI 1.14–1.31Authors' conclusion
There was an increased risk of CVD in MHT users. By regimen, tibolone use was associated with increased risk of CVD, whereas estrogen either alone or in combination with progestogen was not. There was no difference according to the type of estrogen. The type of progestogen seems to modify the results, since dydrogesterone was associated with reduced CVD risk.
Study context
- Population
- Women entering menopause at ≥40 years with no history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the national health examination 2011–2014, Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service data (Korea)134,298 matched pairs
- Participants
- 134,298 vs 134,298
- Exposure
- Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) vs non-MHT
- MHTn = 134,298
- non-MHTn = 134,298reference
- Outcome
- CVD risk
- Follow-up
- Median 7.9 (IQR 6.9-8.9) years
Methodological details1:1 propensity score matching
- 1:1 propensity score matching
Main finding
CVD · median follow-up 7.9 years
Hazard ratio
1.22
CI 1.14–1.31
By group
MHT
179 per 100 000 person/year
non-MHT
146 per 100 000 person/year
MHTvs non-MHT
HR 1.22 (CI 1.14–1.31)
As reported in the abstract
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
| Outcome | HR (CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| CVD by regimenTibolonevs non-MHT | 1.38 (1.27–1.50) | |
| 0.512Hazard ratio (log scale) |
CVD by regimen
- Estrogen alone or combined estrogen/progestogen not associated with increased CVD
CVD by type of estrogen
- No difference in CVD risk regardless of estrogen agent
CVD by progestogen in combined therapy
- Dydrogesterone associated with reduced CVD risk
Original publication
Association of menopausal hormone therapy with risk of cardiovascular disease in Korean women. Eur J Endocrinol. Published 3 February 2025. doi:10.
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