Association between metabolic phenotype and diabetic kidney disease in adult-onset type 1 diabetes patients from China: A multi-center cross-sectional study
Authors' conclusion
In adult-onset T1DM patients, the T1DM with underweight metabolically unhealthy phenotype was associated with moderate albuminuria, abnormal kidney function, and high risk of DKD progression. These findings suggest that underweight with metabolic abnormalities was a risk factor for DKD and DKD progression.
Study context
- Population
- Adult-onset T1D patients from China
- Participants
- 433 patients
- Exposure
- Six metabolic phenotypes defined by body mass index (BMI) and metabolic risk factors
- Outcome
- Association of metabolic phenotypes with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) (moderate albuminuria, abnormal kidney function) and high DKD progression risk
Methodological detailsmulti-center
- Multi-center
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
DKD and high DKD progression risk by metabolic phenotype
Odds ratio (95 % CI)P value
Phenotype 4moderate albuminuria
1.86(1.35–2.57)
P < 0.001Phenotype 3abnormal kidney function
1.84(1.03–3.28)
P = 0.04Phenotype 4abnormal kidney function
1.73(1.13–2.67)
P = 0.01Phenotype 4high risk of DKD progression
45.14(7.69–264.95)
P < 0.001Phenotype 5high risk of DKD progression
5.59(1.10–28.34)
P = 0.038Observational data: associations, not effects.
Original publication
Association between metabolic phenotype and diabetic kidney disease in adult-onset type 1 diabetes patients from China: A multi-center cross-sectional study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. Published 25 June 2025. doi:10.
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