Association Between Longitudinal Time in Range and Albuminuria in Insulin-Treated Diabetes
Authors' conclusion
Longitudinal CGM metrics, in particular TIR, were associated with albuminuria in diabetes, providing support for their clinical relevance for DKD.
Study context
- Population
- Individuals with insulin-treated diabetes with at least 3 years of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data
- Participants
- 190 individuals
- Outcome
- UACR measured closest to the end of follow-up, by TIR across follow-up (primary exposure)
- Follow-up
- End
Methodological detailssingle-center, longitudinal observational
- Single-center
- Longitudinal observational
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
UACR per 10-percentage-point increase in TIR · median follow-up 7.3 years
Change in urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) per 10-percentage-point increase in time in range (TIR)
11.8% decrease
95% CI 1.5%–21.0% decrease
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
UACR by time in tight range (TITR)
- TITR showed a similar direction of association, not statistically significant
UACR per 1-percentage-point decrease in mean HbA1c
- Change in UACR per 1-percentage-point decrease in mean HbA1c
- 21.0% decrease (95% CI, 4.4%-34.6% decrease)
Nonlinearity (restricted cubic spline)
- Possible nonlinear associations for TIR and TITR, attenuated in sensitivity analyses
Original publication
Association Between Longitudinal Time in Range and Albuminuria in Insulin-Treated Diabetes. Diabetes Technol Ther. Published 23 June 2026. doi:10.
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