Young-Onset Hypertension Confers Higher Risk of Cardiovascular Disease, Kidney Disease, and All-Cause Mortality in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes: A Propensity Score–Matched Cohort Analysis
Authors' conclusion
YOH conferred greater risks of cardiovascular and kidney outcomes than LOH in T2D.
Study context
- Population
- Individuals with T2D and hypertension who underwent diabetes assessment 2010–2024 in Hong Kongmatched cohort
- Exposure
- Young-onset hypertension (YOH) and late-onset hypertension (LOH), each vs matched T2D without hypertension
- YOHn = 19,224
- LOHn = 57,795
- Outcome
- CVD, CKD, end-stage kidney disease and all-cause death
Methodological detailspropensity score–matched, matched for age, sex, diabetes duration and calendar year
- Propensity score–matched
- Matched for age, sex, diabetes duration and calendar year
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
CVD
Each group vs matched controlsHazard ratio (95% CI)P value
YOH
1.83(1.65–2.03)
P < 0.01for interactionLOH
1.43(1.36–1.5)
P < 0.01for interactionObservational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
| Outcome | HR (95% CI) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| CKDYOHvs Matched controls | 2.58 (2.38–2.8) | P for interaction < 0.01 | |
| CKDLOHvs Matched controls | 1.81 (1.75–1.88) | P for interaction < 0.01 | |
| Congestive HFYOHvs Matched controls | 2.58 (1.92–3.47) | P for interaction < 0.01 | |
| Congestive HFLOHvs Matched controls | 1.81 (1.61–2.03) | P for interaction < 0.01 | |
| DeathYOHvs Matched controls | 1.37 (1.22–1.54) | P for interaction < 0.01 | |
| DeathLOHvs Matched controls | 1.31 (1.25–1.37) | P for interaction < 0.01 | |
| 0.20.5125Hazard ratio (log scale) |
Sex subgroups: CVD and coronary heart disease
- Differences in excess risks between YOH and LOH more pronounced in women than men for CVD and coronary heart disease
- P for three-way interaction <0.05
Original publication
Young-Onset Hypertension Confers Higher Risk of Cardiovascular Disease, Kidney Disease, and All-Cause Mortality in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes: A Propensity Score–Matched Cohort Analysis. Diabetes Care. Published 18 November 2025. doi:10.
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