Pediatric endocrinology

Vascular Function and Intima-Media Thickness in Children and Adolescents with Growth Hormone Deficiency: Results from a Prospective Case-Control Study

Horm Res PaediatrPublished 8 Jun 2023Prospective case-control study

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Authors' conclusion

GHD children may exhibit endothelial dysfunction in addition to other early atherosclerotic markers like visceral adiposity, and altered lipids, which can be restored by GH treatment.

Study context

Population: Children and adolescents with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) (10.85 ± 2.71 years) and matched controls
Participants: 24 vs 24

Comparison: Children with GHD vs matched controls
GHDn = 24
Controlsn = 24reference
Outcome: Endothelial function (ADMA, brachial flow-mediated dilatation (FMD)) and intima-media thickness (IMT) of common and internal carotid artery
Follow-up: Study entry and after 12 months of treatment

Methodological detailsage-, sex-, and BMI-matched controls

Age-, sex-, and BMI-matched controls

Main finding

As reported in the abstract

Brachial FMD · baseline

GHD8.75± 2.44 · %

Controls11.85± 5.98 · %

P = 0.001

Observational data: associations, not effects.

Further findings

Total cholesterol · baseline · higher with GHD

P = 0.03

GHD163.17 ± 18.66 mg/dL

Controls149.83 ± 20.68 mg/dL

LDL-C · baseline · higher with GHD

P = 0.019

GHD91.18 ± 20.41 mg/dL

Controls77.08 ± 19.73 mg/dL

ADMA · baseline · higher with GHD

p < 0.001

GHD215.87 ± 109.15 ng/mL

Controls164.10 ± 49.15 ng/mL

Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) · baseline · higher with GHD

P = 0.03

GHD0.48 ± 0.05 cm

Controls0.45 ± 0.02 cm

Outcome	GHD	Controls	P value
Atherogenic index · baselineHigher with GHD	2.94 ± 0.71	2.56 ± 0.4	P = 0.028

Changes with GH therapy

Decrease in waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) after GH therapy: 0.44 ± 0.03 cm, p = 0.001
Decrease in total cholesterol after GH therapy: 151.60 ± 15.23 mg/dL, p = 0.001
Decrease in LDL-C after GH therapy: 69.94 ± 14.40 mg/dL, p < 0.0001
Decrease in atherogenic index (AI) after GH therapy: 2.28 ± 0.35, p = 0.001
Decrease in asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) after GH therapy: 148.47 ± 102.43 ng/mL, p < 0.0001

cIMT and iIMT

Baseline cIMT and iIMT comparable between the two groups, but slightly reduced in GHD patients after treatment

Original publication

Vascular Function and Intima-Media Thickness in Children and Adolescents with Growth Hormone Deficiency: Results from a Prospective Case-Control Study. Horm Res Paediatr. Published 8 June 2023. doi:10.1159/000531473

Read the original article ↗

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