Underrepresentation of females and the elderly with type 1 diabetes in clinical exercise trials: A call to action
Authors' conclusion
Females and the elderly are under-represented in clinical exercise trials conducted in people with T1D.
Study context
- Population
- Original clinical exercise research articles in individuals with T1D, PubMed, 1985 to 2025
- Participants
- 315 included studies
- Outcome
- Ratio of male and female participants with T1D in clinical exercise studies; consideration of menstruation; inclusion of the elderly
Methodological detailsstandardized menstrual-status tiering system (Gold, Silver, Bronze)
- Standardized menstrual-status tiering system (Gold, Silver, Bronze)
Pooled result
As reported in the abstract
Participant sex, age and MC reporting in T1D exercise studies
- Studies with mixed-sex population
- 81%
- Overall participant ratio males vs females
- 57% males vs 43% females
- Studies conducted exclusively in females vs in men
- six vs 54
- Total participants in female-only vs male-only studies
- n = 99 vs n = 671
- Mean age of participants
- 29 ± 7 years
- Studies conducted solely in post-menopausal females
- one
- Studies reporting menstrual cycle (MC) status
- 30
- MC-reporting studies graded Bronze
- 6
- MC-reporting studies graded Silver
- 3
- Studies graded Gold
- 0
Original publication
Underrepresentation of females and the elderly with type 1 diabetes in clinical exercise trials: A call to action. Diabet Med. Published 4 September 2026. doi:10.
Composed by AI from the published abstract and checked against it. How Briefs are made →