Trends in type 1 and type 2 diabetic kidney disease in China, the USA, and the UK, 1990–2023
Authors' conclusion
DKD burden patterns differed across countries, supporting region-specific prevention, metabolic risk control, and equitable kidney-protective care.
Study context
- Population
- CKD due to T1D (T1DM-DKD) and T2D (T2DM-DKD) in China, the USA and the UK, 1990–2023
- Comparison
- China vs USA vs UK
Methodological detailsJoinpoint regression, comparative risk assessment framework
- Joinpoint regression
- Comparative risk assessment framework
Primary result
As reported in the abstract
T2DM-DKD age-standardized mortality rate · 2023
| Group | Value | Average annual percent change (AAPC) |
|---|---|---|
| USA | 8.42 per 100,000 (95% UI 7.02–9.76) | 4.8% (95% CI, 4.5-5.0) |
| China | 1.27 (95% UI 0.87–1.68) |
Value
USA8.42 per 100,000 (95% UI 7.02–9.76)
China1.27 (95% UI 0.87–1.68)
Average annual percent change (AAPC)
USA4.8% (95% CI, 4.5-5.0)
China— not stated in the abstract
Further findings
Mortality and disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) rates by age
- Mortality and DALY rates were highest in the oldest age groups
Risk factors for T2DM-DKD
- High BMI had a comparatively high model-based population-attributable fraction in the USA
Original publication
Trends in type 1 and type 2 diabetic kidney disease in China, the USA, and the UK, 1990–2023. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. Published 3 September 2026. doi:10.
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