Trends in Prevalence of Insulin Resistance Among Nondiabetic/Nonprediabetic Adolescents, 1999–2020
Main finding · Prevalence of hyperinsulinemiaResult — go to the resultRelative increase per 2-year survey cycle 3.35% 95% CI 1.74–4.99Authors' conclusion
The prevalence of hyperinsulinemia/IR increased substantially among US nondiabetic/nonprediabetic adolescents over the last two decades.
Study context
- Population
- US adolescents without diabetes and prediabetes, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2000 to 2017–202010 NHANES cycles
- Participants
- 6,111 adolescents
- Exposure
- Survey cycles 1999-2000 vs 2017-2020
- Outcome
- Trends in prevalence of hyperinsulinemia (fasting insulin >75th percentile) and IR (HOMA-IR >75th percentile)
- Follow-up
- 1999 to 2020
Methodological detailsnationally representative survey (NHANES), ten survey cycles, joinpoint regression
- Nationally representative survey (NHANES)
- Ten survey cycles
- Joinpoint regression
Main finding
Prevalence of hyperinsulinemia
Relative increase per 2-year survey cycle
3.35%
95% CI 1.74–4.99
P < 0.05 for trend
By group
2017-2020vs 1999-2000
relative increase per 2-year survey cycle 3.35% (95% CI 1.74–4.99); P for trend < 0.05
As reported in the abstract
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
| Outcome | 1999-2000 | 2017-2020 | Relative increase per 2-year survey cycle (95% CI) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prevalence of IR (HOMA-IR)Increased significantly | 14.0% (95% CI 11.1–17.8) | 20.4% (95% CI 16.4–25.6) | 3.41% (1.72–5.12) | P for trend < 0.05 | |
| −50510Difference (linear scale) |
Overall weighted values, all cycles
- Median fasting insulin
- 9.9 μU/ml (95% CI: 9.6, 10.1)
- Prevalence of hyperinsulinemia
- 17.2% (95% CI: 15.7, 18.6)
- Prevalence of insulin resistance (IR)
- 16.4% (95% CI: 15.2, 17.9)
Subgroups
- Substantial increases in girls, Hispanic, non-Hispanic white and overweight adolescents
Original publication
Trends in Prevalence of Insulin Resistance Among Nondiabetic/Nonprediabetic Adolescents, 1999–2020. Pediatr Diabetes. Published 5 May 2025. doi:10.
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