Trends in Cardiovascular Risk Factors by Income Among Japanese Adults Aged 30-49 Years From 2017 to 2020: A Nationwide Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors' conclusion
Among adults aged 30-49 years in Japan, a country with a universal healthcare coverage system, we found an increase in the gap of cardiovascular risk factors by income levels over the last 4 years. Careful monitoring of the increasing social disparities is needed to achieve cardiovascular health equity at this life stage.
Study context
- Population
- Japanese adults aged 30–49 years who annually participated in the national health screening program, 2017–2020; 85% men, mean age 42.1 (SD 5.4) years50,024 men
- Participants
- 58,814 adults
- Exposure
- Low-income vs high-income
- Outcome
- Trends in prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors (obesity, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia) by income tertile
- Follow-up
- 2017 to 2020
Methodological detailsmodified Poisson regression, adjusted for potential confounders
- Modified Poisson regression
- Adjusted for potential confounders
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Prevalence of obesity, hypertension and diabetes by income
- Low-income consistently showed a higher prevalence of obesity, hypertension and diabetes than high-income
- Difference across income groups, particularly hypertension, increased from 2017 to 2020 in both men and women
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
| Outcome | Difference in prevalence (%) (95% CI) |
|---|---|
| Hypertension prevalence difference, men · 2017 | +5.73 (4.72–6.73) |
| Hypertension prevalence difference, men · 2020 | +8.26 (7.11–9.41) |
| Hypertension prevalence difference, women · 2017 | +2.53 (0.99–4.06) |
| Hypertension prevalence difference, women · 2020 | +3.83 (1.93–5.73) |
Original publication
Trends in Cardiovascular Risk Factors by Income Among Japanese Adults Aged 30-49 Years From 2017 to 2020: A Nationwide Longitudinal Cohort Study. Endocr Pract. Published 7 January 2023. doi:10.
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