Trajectories of social isolation and loneliness and the risk of incident type 2 diabetes mellitus across genetic risk score
Authors' conclusion
Social isolation and loneliness, especially their persistent pattern, were independently associated with an increased incident T2DM risk, irrespective of an individual's genetic risk. Loneliness modified the association between social isolation and incident T2DM.
Study context
- Population
- UK Biobank participants, mean age 56.3 ± 8.1 years, followed up until May 31, 2021
- Participants
- 439,337 participants
- Exposure
- Social isolation and loneliness vs none
- Outcome
- Incident T2D
- Follow-up
- Median 12.7 years
Methodological detailsUK Biobank
- UK Biobank
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Hazard ratio (95 % CI)
Social isolationvs No social isolation
1.04(1.00–1.09)
Lonelinessvs No loneliness
1.26(1.19–1.34)
- Incident T2D cases
- 15,258
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
| Outcome | HR (95 % CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| Trajectories (longitudinal analysis): incident T2DPersistent social isolationvs Never social isolation | 1.22 (1.02–1.45) | |
| Trajectories (longitudinal analysis): incident T2DIncident lonelinessvs Never loneliness | 1.95 (1.40–2.71) | |
| Trajectories (longitudinal analysis): incident T2DPersistent lonelinessvs Never loneliness | 2.00 (1.31–3.04) | |
| 0.20.5125Hazard ratio (log scale) |
- Trajectories (longitudinal analysis): incident T2D: only persistent social isolation associated with increased risk
Interaction between social isolation and loneliness
- Interaction between social isolation and loneliness; increased T2D risk with social isolation only significant without loneliness
- P for interaction < 0.05
Original publication
Trajectories of social isolation and loneliness and the risk of incident type 2 diabetes mellitus across genetic risk score. Diabetes Metab. Published 6 March 2024. doi:10.
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