Total and Regional Fat‐to‐Muscle Ratio ( Fat-to-muscle Ratio (FMR) ) and Risk of Osteoporosis: Evidence From the UK Biobank Cohort
Authors' conclusion
Distinct sex- and region-specific associations were observed between total and regional FMR measures and osteoporosis risk.
Study context
- Population
- UK Biobank participants; analyses stratified by sex9,983 incident osteoporosis cases
- Participants
- 324,631 participants
- Exposure
- Highest vs lowest quintile of total and regional fat-to-muscle ratio
- Outcome
- Incident osteoporosis (and bone mineral density (BMD) T-scores of whole body, heel, lumbar spine L1-L4, femoral neck)
Methodological detailspopulation-based, sex-stratified analyses
- Population-based
- Sex-stratified analyses
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Q5 vs Q1Hazard ratio (95% CI)
Men, whole-body FMR
1.66(1.36–2.02)
Men, trunk FMR
1.43(1.14–1.79)
Men, arm FMR
2.09(1.67–2.62)
Men, leg FMR (lower risk across Q2-Q5)
0.64(0.52–0.78)
Women, whole-body FMR
1.21(1.08–1.37)
Women, arm FMR
2.31(1.94–2.75)
Women, leg FMR
0.84(0.73–0.97)
Women, trunk FMR
0.57(0.49–0.65)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Original publication
Total and Regional Fat‐to‐Muscle Ratio ( FMR ) and Risk of Osteoporosis: Evidence From the UK Biobank Cohort. Diabetes Obes Metab. Published 14 September 2026. doi:10.
Composed by AI from the published abstract and checked against it. How Briefs are made →