Timing-dependent anti-inflammatory effects of empagliflozin in monocyte-derived macrophages from post-myocardial infarct patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors' conclusion
Early empagliflozin administration in T2DM-AMI patients was associated with modulation of NLRP3-related inflammatory and senescence pathways in patient-derived macrophages, benefits observed when cells were stimulated ex-vivo with an inflammatory stimulus. These findings provide mechanistic insight into the timing-dependent anti-inflammatory effects of EMPA and underscore its potential for immediate post-AMI use to reduce inflammation and lower residual cardiovascular risk, supporting further clinical investigation.
Study context
- Population
- Patients with T2D after acute MI; CD14+ monocyte-derived macrophages and plasma
- Participants
- 66 patients
- Comparison
- Early empagliflozin (EMPA) vs delayed EMPA
- Outcome
- NLRP3 inflammasome activity and inflammatory responses in macrophages
Methodological detailsrandomised
- Randomised
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
- Early EMPA associated with reduced NLRP3 priming (IL1β mRNA) and activation (caspase-1 activity), potentially linked to decreased ATP release
- Without EMPA, pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL6, MCP1) and M1 markers (e.g., CD80) increased or remained unchanged over time; early EMPA appeared to stabilise or reduce their expression
- Cell senescence markers (p21, IL8, BCL2) were modulated
- Plasma senescence-associated markers (MMP9, OPN, Serpin E1) remained largely unchanged
Original publication
Timing-dependent anti-inflammatory effects of empagliflozin in monocyte-derived macrophages from post-myocardial infarct patients with type 2 diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol. Published 12 February 2026. doi:10.
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