Time in Range Is Associated with Incident Diabetic Retinopathy in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes: A Longitudinal Study
Authors' conclusion
Similar to HbA1c, TIR, TITR, TAR, and mean glucose were associated with increased risk for incident DR in adults with type 1 diabetes. These CGM metrics are highly correlated indicating that they provide similar information on glycemic control and diabetic retinopathy risk.
Study context
- Population
- Adults with T1D, identified June 2018–March 2022; incident DR: mean age 27 years, 52% females, mean diabetes duration 15 years; without DR: mean age 38 years, 48% females, mean diabetes duration 20 years
- Participants
- 71 vs 92
- Comparison
- Incident DR vs no retinopathy
- Incident DRn = 71
- Controln = 92reference
- Outcome
- Association between CGM-based time in various ranges and incident DR
Methodological detailslongitudinal, retrospective continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data up to 7 years before eye examination, logistic regression adjusted for age, diabetes duration and CGM type
- Longitudinal
- Retrospective CGM data up to 7 years before eye examination
- Logistic regression adjusted for age, diabetes duration and CGM type
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Odds of incident DR per change in glycaemic metric (adjusted for age, diabetes duration, CGM type)
- Each 0.5% increase in HbA1c: increase in odds of incident DR
- 24%
- Each 10 mg/dL increase in mean glucose: increase in odds of incident DR
- 22%
- Each 5% decrease in TIR 70-180 mg/dL: increase in odds of incident DR
- 18%
- Each 5% decrease in time in tight target range 70-140 mg/dL (TITR): increase in odds of incident DR
- 28%
- Each 5% increase in TAR >180 mg/dL: increase in odds of incident DR
- 20%
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Spearman correlations of TIR, TITR, TAR and mean glucose with each other
- All Spearman correlations
- ≥0.97
Original publication
Time in Range Is Associated with Incident Diabetic Retinopathy in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes: A Longitudinal Study. Diabetes Technol Ther. Published 13 February 2024. doi:10.
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