The metabolic potential of inflammatory and insulinaemic dietary patterns and risk of type 2 diabetes
Authors' conclusion
The metabolomic signatures reflecting proinflammatory or hyperinsulinaemic diets and related biomarkers were positively associated with type 2 diabetes risk, supporting that these dietary patterns may influence type 2 diabetes risk via the regulation of metabolism.
Study context
- Population
- Participants from the Nurses' Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-up Study with plasma metabolomic profiling (LC-MS/MS)
- Participants
- 6,840 participants
- Exposure
- Highest vs lowest quartile of metabolomic signature scores of inflammatory/insulinaemic diets and biomarkers
- Outcome
- T2D risk
Methodological detailsmetabolomic signatures derived by elastic net regression, multivariable Cox regression
- Metabolomic signatures derived by elastic net regression
- Multivariable Cox regression
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
T2D risk by metabolomic signature scores
- Metabolomic dietary inflammatory potential (MDIP), highest vs lowest quartile: HR
- 3.26 (2.39, 4.44) (95% CI)
- Empirical dietary inflammatory pattern (EDIP)-only metabolomic signature: HR
- 3.75 (2.71, 5.17) (95% CI)
- Inflammatory biomarkers-only signature: HR
- 4.07 (2.91, 5.69) (95% CI)
- Metabolomic dietary index for hyperinsulinaemia (MDIH): HR
- 3.00 (2.22, 4.06) (95% CI)
- Empirical dietary index for hyperinsulinemia (EDIH)-only signature: HR
- 2.79 (2.07, 3.76) (95% CI)
- C-peptide-only signature: HR
- 3.89 (2.82, 5.35) (95% CI)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Metabolites identified
- Metabolites commonly associated with both EDIP and inflammatory biomarker z score
- 27
- Metabolites commonly associated with both EDIH and C-peptide
- 21
Diet scores (EDIP, EDIH) and T2D risk
- Diet scores significantly associated with risk; adjustment for corresponding metabolomic signature scores attenuated the associations, which remained significant
Original publication
The metabolic potential of inflammatory and insulinaemic dietary patterns and risk of type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia. Published 11 October 2023. doi:10.
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