Inflammatory biomarkers as prognostic tools for diabetic retinopathy progression: a prospective study
Authors' conclusion
Our results indicate that systemic inflammatory biomarkers may not serve as reliable predictors for DR in early-stage type 2 diabetes. These findings contrast with prior cross-sectional studies suggesting a role for systemic low-grade inflammation in DR development. Inflammatory biomarkers. Diabetic retinopathy.
Study context
- Population
- Adults with recently diagnosed T2D, Danish Centre for Strategic Research in Type 2 Diabetes
- Participants
- 3,363 adults
- Exposure
- Highest vs lowest quartile of baseline inflammatory biomarkers
- Outcome
- Development or progression of DR
- Follow-up
- Median nine years
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Development or progression of DR, highest vs lowest quartile (adjusted)
Each group vs lowest quartileEstimate (95% CI)
Highest quartile
HR (hsCRP) 0.76(0.55–1.03)
Highest quartile
HR (IL-6) 0.84(0.62–1.14)
Highest quartile
HR (TNF-α) 1.03(0.76–1.40)
Highest quartile
HR (CD163) 0.84(0.62–1.14)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Original publication
Inflammatory biomarkers as prognostic tools for diabetic retinopathy progression: a prospective study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. Published 5 March 2026. doi:10.
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