Type 1 diabetes

The Heterogeneity of Type 1 Diabetes: Implications for Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment—2024 Diabetes , Diabetes Care , and Diabetologia Expert Forum

Diabetes CarePublished Expert forum summary

Methodological detailsnarrative review
  • Narrative review

Recommendations

As issued by the authors

  1. Continued research to identify more factors contributing to the disease, overall and in specific subgroups

  2. Investigate both individuals who surpass metabolic and immune thresholds and develop diabetes and those who remain disease free with the same immunogenetic risk

  3. Identify where the current T1D staging system may fall short and how it can be improved to capture and leverage heterogeneity in prevention and intervention

Original publication

The Heterogeneity of Type 1 Diabetes: Implications for Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment—2024 Diabetes , Diabetes Care , and Diabetologia Expert Forum. Diabetes Care. Published 30 July 2025. doi:10.2337/dci25-0013

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