The heterogeneity of type 1 diabetes: implications for pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment—2024 Diabetes, Diabetes Care, and Diabetologia Expert Forum
Methodological detailsinternational Expert Forum, narrative review
- International Expert Forum
- Narrative review
Recommendations
As issued by the authors
Continued research to identify more factors contributing to the disease, both overall and in specific subgroups
Investigations of both individuals who surpass metabolic and immune thresholds and develop diabetes and those who remain disease free with the same immunogenetic risk
Identify where the current T1D staging system may fall short and how it can be improved to capture and leverage heterogeneity in prevention and intervention
Original publication
The heterogeneity of type 1 diabetes: implications for pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment—2024 Diabetes, Diabetes Care, and Diabetologia Expert Forum. Diabetologia. Published 30 July 2025. doi:10. 1007/ s00125-025-06462-y
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