The effects of time-restricted eating on energy balance regulation in adults with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes
Authors' conclusion
These findings demonstrate that TRE does not prevent the physiologic compensatory changes associated with weight reduction in individuals with overweight/obesity and T2DM.
Study context
- Population
- Adults with overweight/obesity and T2Dcross-over
- Participants
- 39 adults
- Comparison
- Time-restricted eating (TRE) vs standard lifestyle
Methodological detailsrandomized, 4-week washout
- Randomized
- 4-week washout
Primary result
As reported in the abstract
Energy balance hormones: fasting and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) responses
- Significant decrease with TRE
- difference, fasting leptin −2445 ± 885 ng/mL; P = 0.009
- Significant decrease with TRE
- difference, leptin AUC0-120 min −12776 ± 3088; P < 0.001
- No difference
- difference, glucagon AUC0-120 min 0.04 ± 23.5; P = 0.99
- No difference
- difference, GLP-1 AUC0-120 min 1.6 ± 67.6; P = 0.98
- No difference
- difference, ghrelin AUC0-120 min 31.0 ± 32.4; P = 0.35
- No difference
- difference, peptide YY AUC0-120 min −33.9 ± 65.6; P = 0.61
Further findings
| Outcome | Difference (Kcal/day) | P value |
|---|---|---|
| Self-reported energy intakeLess with TRE | −384 ± 488 | P < 0.001 |
Self-reported energy intake
- No differences in macronutrient distribution
Fasting ghrelin, post-TRE vs pre-intervention
- Significant increase in fasting ghrelin post-TRE vs pre-intervention
- 28 ± 11.3 pg/mL, P = 0.02
Original publication
The effects of time-restricted eating on energy balance regulation in adults with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes. Int J Obes (Lond). Published 11 March 2026. doi:10.
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