The effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on the incidence of type 2 diabetes in healthy older adults not at high risk for diabetes (FIND): a randomised controlled trial
Authors' conclusion
Among generally healthy older adults who are not at high risk for diabetes and who have serum 25(OH)D3 levels that are sufficient for bone health, vitamin D3 supplementation did not significantly reduce the risk of developing diabetes.
Study context
- Population
- Generally healthy older adults from a general Finnish population (men ≥60 years, women ≥65 years), free of CVD or cancer, not using diabetes medications
- Participants
- 2,271 adults
- Comparison
- Vitamin D3 1600 IU/day or 3200 IU/day vs placebo
- Placebon = 760reference
- 1600 IU/day vitamin D3n = 744
- 3200 IU/day vitamin D3n = 767
- Primary endpoint
- Incidence of T2D (national health registries)
- Follow-up
- Mean 4.2 years
Methodological detailsplacebo-controlled, parallel-arm, three-arm, sex-stratified simple randomisation 1:1:1, masked participants, investigators and staff, 5 year, Event data from national health registries, Subcohort of 505 with in-person investigations at months 0, 6, 12 and 24
- Placebo-controlled
- Parallel-arm
- Three-arm
- Sex-stratified simple randomisation 1:1:1
- Masked participants, investigators and staff
- 5 year
- Event data from national health registries
- Subcohort of 505 with in-person investigations at months 0, 6, 12 and 24
Primary result
As reported in the abstract
T2D events
Each group vs placeboHazard ratio (95% CI)
1600 IU/day vitamin D3
0.81(0.50–1.30)
3200 IU/day vitamin D3
0.92(0.58–1.45)
Combined vitamin D3both vitamin D3 arms combined
0.86(0.58–1.29)
Further findings
| Outcome | HR (95% CI) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| T2D by BMI subgroup (combined vitamin D3 vs placebo)Combined vitamin D3vs PlaceboBMI <25 kg/m² (n=813, 12 events) | 0.43 (0.14–1.34) | P for interaction < 0.001 | |
| T2D by BMI subgroup (combined vitamin D3 vs placebo)Combined vitamin D3vs PlaceboBMI 25-30 kg/m² (n=1032, 38 events) | 0.97 (0.50–1.91) | P for interaction < 0.001 | |
| T2D by BMI subgroup (combined vitamin D3 vs placebo)Combined vitamin D3vs PlaceboBMI ≥30 kg/m² (n=422, 54 events) | 1.00 (0.57–1.75) | P for interaction < 0.001 | |
| 0.10.31310Hazard ratio (log scale) |
Serum 25(OH)D3 (subcohort) · 12 months
Serum 25(OH)D3 at baseline (subcohort, n=505)
- Mean (SD) serum 25(OH)D3, all subcohort
- 74.5 (18.1) nmol/l
Changes in plasma glucose, insulin, BMI, waist circumference (subcohort) · 24 months
- No differences observed
- P ≥ 0.19
Original publication
The effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on the incidence of type 2 diabetes in healthy older adults not at high risk for diabetes (FIND): a randomised controlled trial. Diabetologia. Published 2 December 2024. doi:10.
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