Somatic and mental symptoms associated with dysglycaemia, diabetes‐related complications and mental conditions in people with diabetes: Assessments in daily life using continuous glucose monitoring and ecological momentary assessment
Authors' conclusion
The N = 1 analysis facilitated the creation of personalized symptom profiles related to glucose levels with consideration of factors such as complications, gender, body mass index, depression and diabetes distress. This approach can enhance precision monitoring for diabetes symptoms in precision medicine.
Study context
- Population
- People with T1D or T2D rating 25 diabetes symptoms via smartphone app in daily life over 8 days, with glucose measured by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)6,380 app check-ins
- Participants
- 192 vs 179
- Exposure
- T1D vs T2D
- T1Dn = 192
- T2Dn = 179
- Outcome
- Association of symptom ratings with glucose levels (previous 2 hours, CGM)
Methodological detailsecological momentary assessment, CGM, linear mixed-effects models, N = 1 analysis
- Ecological momentary assessment
- CGM
- Linear mixed-effects models
- N = 1 analysis
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
- Negative association (higher ratings at lower glucose): speech difficulties
- P = .003
- Negative association: coordination problems
- P = .00005
- Negative association: confusion
- P = .049
- Negative association: food cravings
- P = .0003
- Positive association (higher scores at higher glucose): thirst
- P = .0001
- Positive association: urination
- P = .0003
- Positive association: taste disturbances
- P = .021
- Positive association: itching
- P = .0120
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Microangiopathy and symptoms
- Significant positive associations between microangiopathy and 8 symptoms
Depression and diabetes distress
- Elevated depression and diabetes distress associated with higher symptom scores
N = 1 analysis
- Highly idiosyncratic associations between symptom reports and glucose levels
Original publication
Somatic and mental symptoms associated with dysglycaemia, diabetes‐related complications and mental conditions in people with diabetes: Assessments in daily life using continuous glucose monitoring and ecological momentary assessment. Diabetes Obes Metab. Published 7 October 2024. doi:10.
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