Serum Phosphate in the General Population: A Need for Sex-Specific Reference Intervals
Authors' conclusion
This study in 2 population-based cohorts showed that women have higher serum phosphate concentrations than men and that women show a marked increase in serum phosphate during menopause. Moreover, the population range for serum phosphate was higher in women than in men. These findings indicate a need for sex-specific reference intervals for serum phosphate in adults older than 45 years.
Study context
- Population
- Adults aged 40 and older without CKD from 3 cohorts of the Rotterdam Study (RS) and the UK Biobank (UKBB)RS 8837
- Exposure
- Women vs men
- Outcome
- Sex differences in serum phosphate, using standard reference values (0.8-1.45 mmol or 2.5-4.5 mg/dL)
Methodological details2 population-based cohorts, stratified by menopausal status
- 2 population-based cohorts
- Stratified by menopausal status
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Serum phosphate
- Women had higher serum phosphate concentrations and a higher population range vs men in all cohorts
- Hypophosphatemia more prevalent in men; hyperphosphatemia more prevalent in women
- Sex differences present in all age categories
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Serum phosphate by menopausal status
- Perimenopausal women had higher serum phosphate than men of the same age, but lower than postmenopausal women of the same age
Original publication
Serum Phosphate in the General Population: A Need for Sex-Specific Reference Intervals. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. Published 16 September 2024. doi:10.
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