Safety and efficacy of hybrid closed‐loop insulin pump therapy in adolescents and adults with type 1 diabetes in China
Authors' conclusion
HCL therapy is safe in Chinese adolescent and adult patients with T1D. The 12-week application of the Equil® S HCL insulin pump system MTM-Z with Auto Mode increased TIR and reduced HbA1c, hyperglycaemia and hypoglycaemia.
Study context
- Population
- Adolescents and adults with T1D in China22 adolescents · 104 adults
- Participants
- 126 participants
- Comparison
- Hybrid closed-loop (HCL) Auto Mode vs baseline run-in
- Outcome
- Overall mean change in CGM TIR (70-180 mg/dL)
- Follow-up
- 12 weeks
Methodological detailsbefore-after comparison with run-in, 2-week initial treatment phase, 2-week run-in in Manual Mode, then 12-week study phase in Auto Mode
- Before-after comparison with run-in
- 2-week initial treatment phase, 2-week run-in in Manual Mode, then 12-week study phase in Auto Mode
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
TIR (70-180 mg/dL)
P < 0.001
Further findings
Time below range (<70 mg/dL) · 12 weeks
P < 0.001
Mean sensor glucose (SG) · 12 weeks
- Mean SG decreased from 151 ± 28 to 144 ± 19 mg/dL
Proportion achieving time in range (TIR) >70% · 12 weeks
- Proportion achieving TIR >70% increased from 56.03% to 77.59%
Glycaemic variability · 12 weeks
- SD of SG reduced significantly
- −5.90 mg/dL
- CV reduced significantly
- −2.49%
Subgroup with baseline haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) >8.0% · 12 weeks
- Greatest change in TIR (mean)
- 20.55%
- Mean SG, ETD
- −30.13 (95% CI −41.84, −18.41; p = 0.001)
- SD of SG, ETD
- −14.21 (95% CI −21.17, −6.71; p = 0.004)
Achieving combined recommendations for time at SG ranges · 12 weeks
- Percentage increased from 25.86% to 56.90%
Safety
Severe hypoglycaemia, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and adverse events · 12 weeks
- No severe hypoglycaemia, DKA or adverse events were observed
Original publication
Safety and efficacy of hybrid closed‐loop insulin pump therapy in adolescents and adults with type 1 diabetes in China. Diabetes Obes Metab. Published 5 November 2025. doi:10.
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