Residual insulin secretion in long‐standing type 1 diabetes
Authors' conclusion
We conclude that a subgroup of type 1 diabetes participants with long-standing diabetes (>30 years) has residual beta-cell function. Participants with type 1 diabetes and low stimulated C-peptide concentrations are characterized by lower BMI, triglyceride concentrations and higher insulin sensitivity.
Study context
- Population
- Persons with a clinical diagnosis of T1D and diabetes duration ≥30 years; MMTT with C-peptide at 0 and 90 min; GAD, IA-2 and ZnT8 autoantibodies by radio-binding assays
- Participants
- 105 persons
- Exposure
- Tertiles of 90-min post-meal C-peptide: non-responders vs low-responders vs high-responders
- Outcome
- Meal-stimulated C-peptide levels and their association with diabetes-associated autoantibodies
- Follow-up
- 90 min
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Characteristics of LR vs NR and HR
- Low-responders (LR) had significantly lower BMI vs non-responders (NR) and HR
- p < 0.001
- LR had significantly lower plasma TG vs NR and HR
- p = 0.010
- LR had significantly lower TG/HDL-C ratio vs NR and HR
- p = 0.004
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Diabetes-associated autoantibodies (GAD, IA-2, ZnT8)
- Positive for one antibody
- Twenty-nine participants
- Positive for 2-3 antibodies
- eight participants
- Presence of antibodies not associated with post-meal C-peptide levels; proportions of antibody-positive participants did not differ between NR, LR and HR
Original publication
Residual insulin secretion in long‐standing type 1 diabetes. Diabet Med. Published 13 July 2025. doi:10.
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