Relationship between chrononutrition and cardiometabolic risk in prepubertal children with and without excess weight
Authors' conclusion
Higher morning and afternoon carbohydrate intake, increased afternoon caloric and lipid intake, and lower afternoon and night protein intake in prepubescents were associated with a better health profile, including improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors.
Study context
- Population
- Prepubertal children aged 5–12 years with and without excess weight (50 males)50 males
- Participants
- 93 children
- Exposure
- Chrononutrition vs cardiometabolic risk factors across weight categories
- Healthy weight (HW)n = 34reference
- Overweight (OV)n = 10
- Obese (OB)n = 23
- Severe obesity (SOB)n = 26
- Outcome
- Correlations of timed intake with cardiometabolic risk factors (total sample)
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
- Morning carbohydrate intake inversely associated with total cholesterol (TC) (p < 0.05)
- r = −0.21
- Afternoon total calories inversely associated with insulinemia (p < 0.05)
- r = −0.33
- Afternoon carbohydrate intake inversely associated with insulinemia (p < 0.05)
- r = −0.35
- Afternoon lipid intake inversely associated with insulinemia (p < 0.05)
- r = −0.23
- Higher afternoon lipid intake linked to lower HDL-C
- r = −0.22
- Afternoon protein intake linked to higher BMI Z-Score
- r = 0.25
- Afternoon protein intake linked to higher glycemia
- r = 0.23
- Nighttime protein intake vs BMI Z-Score (p < 0.05)
- r = 0.24
- Nighttime protein intake vs insulinemia (p < 0.05)
- r = 0.24
- Nighttime protein intake vs HOMA-IR (p < 0.05)
- r = 0.27
- Nighttime protein intake vs triglycerides (TG) (p < 0.05)
- r = 0.25
- Nighttime protein intake vs abdominal fat (p < 0.05)
- r = 0.25
- Nighttime protein intake vs carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) (p < 0.05)
- r = 0.27
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
| Outcome | P value |
|---|---|
| Insulinemia, HOMA-IR, TG and abdominal fat by weight categoryOB vs HW · significantly higher with OB | P < 0.001 |
| Insulinemia, HOMA-IR, TG and abdominal fat by weight categorySOB vs HW · significantly higher with SOB | P < 0.001 |
| Total daily protein intakeSOB vs HW · significantly higher with SOB | P < 0.05 |
Original publication
Relationship between chrononutrition and cardiometabolic risk in prepubertal children with and without excess weight. Pediatr Obes. Published 26 March 2025. doi:10.
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