Racial and ethnic differences in controlling risk factors for cardiovascular disease among adults with obesity, 1999–2023
Authors' conclusion
Across racial and ethnic groups, the majority of participants with obesity were young adults, women, and those in low education. While temporal improvement was found in all groups, racial and ethnic differences in the control of CVD risk factors in adults with obesity still remained. Efforts are required to further explore and confirm these results to help reduce the obesity and CVD burden.
Study context
- Population
- Nonpregnant US adults with obesity aged ≥20 years in NHANES; mean age 48.4 years, BMI 36.0 kg/m², 53.4% females
- Participants
- 21,982 adults
- Exposure
- Racial and ethnic groups: Non-Hispanic White (NHW) vs non-Hispanic Black (NHB) vs Mexican American (MA)
- Outcome
- Racial and ethnic differences in control of all cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors: HbA1c <7.0%, BP <140/90 mmHg and non-HDL cholesterol <3.4 mmol/L
Methodological detailsnationally representative survey (NHANES), 11 survey cycles 1999-2000 to 2021-2023, multivariable logistic regression
- Nationally representative survey (NHANES)
- 11 survey cycles 1999-2000 to 2021-2023
- Multivariable logistic regression
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
NHW
17.1% to 31.4%
NHB
21.7% to 36.1%
MA
19.9% to 35.5%
- All racial and ethnic groups had a significant improvement of all risk factor control temporally
- P for trend < 0.01
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
- Glycemic control · throughout survey cycles — NHW
- 92.1% to 94.2%
- BP control · throughout survey cycles — NHW
- 77.5% to 83.9%
- Lipid control · throughout survey cycles — NHB
- 32.0% to 54.2%
Glycemic control · throughout survey cycles
- NHW had the highest prevalence of glycemic control
BP control · throughout survey cycles
- NHW had the highest prevalence of BP control
Lipid control · throughout survey cycles
- NHB had the greatest control of lipids
Medication use in participants not achieving risk factor targets · across survey cycles
- NHW demonstrated higher medication use than MA
Original publication
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