Prevalence, Incidence, Clinical Presentation, and Treatment of Polyendocrine Metabolic Ovarian Syndrome in Primary Care in the United Kingdom Between 1998 and 2025
Authors' conclusion
PMOS is increasingly diagnosed in UK primary care and is associated with substantial multimorbidity and pharmacotherapy.
Study context
- Population
- Females newly diagnosed with polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome (PMOS) between the ages of 15 and 49, matched to population controls without PMOS, primary care in the United Kingdom, 1998–2025patients with newly diagnosed PMOS, matched with an equal number of controls
- Participants
- 125,482 females
- Exposure
- Patients with newly diagnosed PMOS vs matched population controls without PMOS
- PMOSn = 125,482
- Outcome
- Prevalence of diagnosed PMOS
- Follow-up
- 1998 to 2025
Methodological detailsprimary care records from the United Kingdom (UK) Clinical Practice Research Datalink, matched on age, general practice, calendar year of cohort entry, and duration of medical history
- Primary care records from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink
- Matched on age, general practice, calendar year of cohort entry, and duration of medical history
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Prevalence in 1998
< 0.1%
Prevalence in 2025
2.0%
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Incidence of diagnosed PMOS · 1998 to 2025
- Incidence rising from 0.1 to 3.6 per 1,000 person-years over the same period
Baseline prevalence and incidence of cardinal PMOS features and comorbidities
- Patients with PMOS had higher baseline prevalence and incidence of cardinal features of PMOS, as well as diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, sleep apnea, thyroid disorders, endometriosis, uterine fibroids, chronic pain, depression, and anxiety
Use of anti-androgens, ovulation-inducing drugs, and metformin
- Substantially higher in patients with PMOS, especially in the year following diagnosis
Original publication
Prevalence, Incidence, Clinical Presentation, and Treatment of Polyendocrine Metabolic Ovarian Syndrome in Primary Care in the United Kingdom Between 1998 and 2025. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). Published 11 November 2026. doi:10.
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