Parity as a Risk Factor for Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma: A Population-based Study
Authors' conclusion
High parity, primarily among Arab women, was associated with increased DTC risk, with significance observed at 4 or more deliveries.
Study context
- Population
- Women in a high-multiparity population, single tertiary medical center, 1982–2022; median age at differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) diagnosis 39 years; 60% Jewish, 40% Arab
- Participants
- 300 vs 900
- Comparison
- Parity and DTC risk; DTC cases vs controls
- DTCn = 300
- Controlsn = 900reference
- Outcome
- Association between parity (number of deliveries before DTC diagnosis) and DTC risk, logistic regression adjusted for socioeconomic status, TSH, oral contraceptive use and autoimmune thyroid diseases
Methodological detailsmatched by birth year and ethnicity, single tertiary medical center
- Matched by birth year and ethnicity
- Single tertiary medical center
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
DTC risk by number of deliveries
4 deliveries: OR
1.70
95% CI 1.051–2.741P = .030
6 or more deliveries: OR
1.89
95% CI 1.052–3.393P = .033
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
| Outcome | P value |
|---|---|
| Hashimoto thyroiditis (baseline)Higher rate in cases | P < 0.001 |
| Graves' disease (baseline)Higher rate in cases | P = 0.005 |
Hashimoto thyroiditis (baseline)
- Higher rate of Hashimoto thyroiditis in cases
Graves' disease (baseline)
- Higher rate of Graves' disease in cases
Parity–DTC association by ethnicity
- Association largely driven by Arab women, who had significantly higher grand multiparity rates (P < .001)
Original publication
Parity as a Risk Factor for Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma: A Population-based Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. Published 24 November 2025. doi:10.
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