Parents’ Fear of Hypoglycemia and Its Association With Diabetes Treatment Modality, Management, and Outcomes in Young Children With Type 1 Diabetes: A Danish Cross-Sectional Study
Main finding · CHI scores, mothers vs fathersResult — go to the resultβ .35- .58Authors' conclusion
Although mothers reported higher FoH at the group level, low agreement indicates that FoH varies within families. No association with glycemic outcomes was observed, although interpretations are limited by high AID use and low HbA1c variability.
Study context
- Population
- Parents of young children with T1D (Denmark); children mean age 6.8 ± 2.1 years, HbA1c 6.8% ± 0.7%, 89.6% using automated insulin delivery (AID)
- Participants
- 135 children
- Exposure
- Mothers vs fathers
- Outcome
- Parental FoH measured with a validated version of the Children's Hypoglycemia Index (CHI)
Methodological detailsparent-level and dyadic (parent-pair) analyses, mixed-effect models adjusted for age, sex and AID use
- Parent-level and dyadic (parent-pair) analyses
- Mixed-effect models adjusted for age, sex and AID use
Main finding
CHI scores, mothers vs fathers
β
.35- .58
P < 0.001-.003
As reported in the abstract
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Interparent agreement (ICC)
- Low parental agreement, substantial within-family variability (ICC)
- 0.00-0.38
Bland-Altman analyses
- Higher mean scores among mothers, but wide limits of agreement, indicating inconsistent differences within dyads
Association of Children's Hypoglycemia Index (CHI) with HbA1c, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) metrics (TIR, TBR), treatment modality, child characteristics
- No associations detected
Original publication
Parents’ Fear of Hypoglycemia and Its Association With Diabetes Treatment Modality, Management, and Outcomes in Young Children With Type 1 Diabetes: A Danish Cross-Sectional Study. J Diabetes Sci Technol. Published 12 August 2026. doi:10.
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