Occurrence of Newly Diagnosed Thyroid Cancer Is Not Increased After Radioactive Iodine Therapy for Graves' Disease
Authors' conclusion
In this study, the incidence of new thyroid cancer cases did not increase following RAIT for GD. Most thyroid cancers that developed after RAIT were micro-PTCs, with no evidence suggesting a poor prognosis.
Study context
- Population
- Patients diagnosed with untreated Graves' disease (GD)
- Participants
- 13,874 patients107,218 person-years
- Exposure
- RAI therapy vs surgery vs medication only for GD
- Radioiodine therapy (RAIT)n = 2,273
- Surgical treatmentn = 287
- Medication onlyn = 11,314reference
- Outcome
- Incidence rate of newly diagnosed thyroid cancer by treatment method (person-year method)
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
New-onset thyroid cancer
RAIT
8
events
Medication only
39
events
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Thyroid cancer after RAIT (all RAIT-treated GD, incl. recurrent or previously treated; n = 23 179)
- Developed thyroid cancer
- 17
- Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC)
- 16
- Microcarcinomas among PTC
- 15
Risk factors for thyroid cancer (logistic regression)
- No significant risk factors identified
Original publication
Occurrence of Newly Diagnosed Thyroid Cancer Is Not Increased After Radioactive Iodine Therapy for Graves' Disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. Published 11 April 2025. doi:10.
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