Neuromuscular electrical stimulation protocols for glycaemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review
Authors' conclusion
NMES may improve glycaemic regulation in adults with T2DM
Study context
- Population
- Adults with T2D; interventional studies reporting glycaemic outcomes
- Participants
- 163 adults10 studies
- Comparison
- Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) protocols for glycaemic outcomes
- Outcome
- Glycaemic outcomes
Methodological detailsPRISMA 2020, Synthesis Without Meta-analysis (SWiM)-informed approach, Databases searched from inception to January 2026
- PRISMA 2020
- Synthesis Without Meta-analysis (SWiM)-informed approach
- Databases searched from inception to January 2026
Pooled result
As reported in the abstract
- Acute NMES consistently attenuated postprandial or short-term CGM-derived glucose responses
- Chronic effects on fasting glucose and HbA1c were more variable
- Favourable outcomes more frequent with stimulation of large lower-limb muscle groups and greater cumulative exposure
- Synthesised without meta-analysis
Safety
Safety, tolerability and adherence
- NMES was generally safe, well tolerated and associated with high adherence
Original publication
Neuromuscular electrical stimulation protocols for glycaemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. Published 18 August 2026. doi:10.
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