Monounsaturated fatty acids from plant or animal sources and risk of type 2 diabetes in three large prospective cohorts of men and women
Authors' conclusion
Higher intake of MUFA-Ps was associated with lower type 2 diabetes risk, whereas increased intake of MUFA-As was associated with higher risk. Replacing saturated fatty acids, trans fatty acids and MUFA-As with MUFA-Ps may be beneficial for type 2 diabetes prevention.
Study context
- Population
- Women in the Nurses' Health Study (1990–2016) and Nurses' Health Study II (1991–2017) and men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1990–2016)three cohorts
- Exposure
- Q5 vs Q1 of intake of total monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), MUFAs from plant sources (MUFA-Ps) and MUFAs from animal sources (MUFA-As)
- Outcome
- Incident T2D
Methodological detailsthree large prospective cohorts, Cox regression, multivariate adjustment, substitution analyses
- Three large prospective cohorts
- Cox regression
- Multivariate adjustment
- Substitution analyses
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
T2D risk by MUFA intake
Q5 vs Q1Hazard ratio (95% CI)
Total MUFA intake
1.10(1.01–1.22)
MUFA-Ps
0.87(0.81–0.94)
MUFA-As
1.34(1.23–1.45)
- Incident T2D cases during 3,268,512 person-years
- 13,211
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
| Outcome | HR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| Substitution analyses: T2D riskMUFA-Psvs trans fatty acidsReplacing 2% of energy from trans fatty acids with MUFA-Ps | 0.92 (0.86–0.99) | |
| Substitution analyses: T2D riskMUFA-Psvs MUFA-AsReplacing 5% of energy | 0.72 (0.66–0.78) | |
| Substitution analyses: T2D riskMUFA-Psvs saturated fatty acids + MUFA-AsReplacing 5% of energy | 0.82 (0.77–0.88) | |
| 0.512Hazard ratio (log scale) |
- Substitution analyses: T2D risk — Substituting MUFA-As for saturated fatty acids: higher risk
- 43%
- Substitution analyses: T2D risk — Substituting MUFA-As for refined carbohydrates: higher risk
- 33%
Original publication
Monounsaturated fatty acids from plant or animal sources and risk of type 2 diabetes in three large prospective cohorts of men and women. Diabetologia. Published 14 January 2025. doi:10.
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