MetaboHealth and Metabolic Vulnerability Index as Risk Factors for Cardio–Renal–Metabolic Multimorbidity: A Large‐Scale Prospective Cohort Study
Authors' conclusion
MVX and the MetaboHealth score were associated with incident CRM multimorbidity and CRM disease progression, with more consistent findings observed for the MetaboHealth score.
Study context
- Population
- UK Biobank participants with available metabolomics data; incident analyses among participants free of any cardio-renal-metabolic (CRM) component disease at baselinefree of CRM disease at baseline
- Participants
- 240,576 participants
- Exposure
- Per 1-SD increment in MVX and MetaboHealth score
- Outcome
- Incident cardio-renal-metabolic (CRM) multimorbidity
Methodological detailscross-sectional analyses, Cox and Fine-Grey models, multistate models, mutual adjustment, joint stratification
- Cross-sectional analyses
- Cox and Fine-Grey models
- Multistate models
- Mutual adjustment
- Joint stratification
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Incident CRM multimorbidity (8876 events)
Hazard ratio per 1-SD (95% CI)P value
MVX
1.213(1.186–1.241)
P < 0.001MetaboHealth score
1.503(1.469–1.538)
P < 0.001Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Prevalent CRM multimorbidity (cross-sectional, n = 269 530) · baseline
- MetaboHealth score, but not MVX, associated with prevalent CRM multimorbidity after full adjustment
Competing risk and sensitivity analyses
- Fine-Grey competing risk models and multiple sensitivity analyses yielded broadly consistent findings
Mutual adjustment and 10-year prediction
- MVX association attenuated after mutual adjustment; MetaboHealth remained associated and showed greater incremental improvement in apparent 10-year prediction performance
CRM transitions (multistate models)
- Both scores associated with transitions from disease-free to first CRM disease, direct transition to CRM multimorbidity, and progression from first CRM disease to multimorbidity
Original publication
MetaboHealth and Metabolic Vulnerability Index as Risk Factors for Cardio–Renal–Metabolic Multimorbidity: A Large‐Scale Prospective Cohort Study. Diabetes Obes Metab. Published 14 July 2026. doi:10.
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