Mapping diabetic eye exam non-adherence across urban–rural communities: A GIS-based regional analysis of socioeconomic disadvantage in the Rochester, NY Metropolitan Statistical Area
Main finding · Mean diabetic eye exam non-adherence by community typeResult — go to the resultF 0.23Study context
- Population
- Adults with diabetes in a university-affiliated primary care network, aggregated to ZIP Code Tabulation Area (ZCTAs), Rochester, NY Metropolitan Statistical Area
- Exposure
- Urban vs suburban vs rural ZCTAs; poverty, Medicaid enrollment and rurality as predictors
- Outcome
- Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS)-defined diabetic eye exam non-adherence by ZCTA
Methodological detailsGIS-based, ZCTA-level analysis, OLS regression, stratified regression, bivariate choropleth mapping
- GIS-based
- ZCTA-level analysis
- OLS regression
- Stratified regression
- Bivariate choropleth mapping
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Mean diabetic eye exam non-adherence by community type
F
0.23
P = 0.795
By group
- Mean non-adherence overall
- 33.2%
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
| Outcome | β | P value |
|---|---|---|
| Poverty and non-adherence, univariate analysisUnivariate analysis | 0.304 | P < 0.001 |
| Poverty and non-adherence, adjusted for rurality and Medicaid enrollmentAdjusted for rurality and Medicaid enrollment | 0.342 | P < 0.001 |
Medicaid enrollment and non-adherence
- Medicaid enrollment was significant only in univariate analysis
Rurality and non-adherence
- Rurality was not associated overall
GIS maps
- Overlap between high non-adherence, poverty and Medicaid in urban core ZCTAs
Original publication
Mapping diabetic eye exam non-adherence across urban–rural communities: A GIS-based regional analysis of socioeconomic disadvantage in the Rochester, NY Metropolitan Statistical Area. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. Published 29 July 2026. doi:10.
Composed by AI from the published abstract and checked against it. How Briefs are made →