Longitudinal Evaluation of Fetal and Infant Anogenital Distance (AGD) in Healthy Children: Association With Penile Size, Testosterone, and DHT
Authors' conclusion
AGD is sexually dimorphic already in the third trimester. Fetal and infant AGD correlate. AGD is associated with body size but not circulating androgen levels at minipuberty. These findings suggest that fetal and infant AGD reflect androgen action during early fetal development.
Study context
- Population
- Healthy singleton pregnant women and their infants, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, 2020–2022589 infants completed follow-up
- Participants
- 685 women
- Comparison
- Boys vs girls; fetal vs infant AGD; AGD and penile size vs testosterone and DHT at minipuberty
Methodological detailsCOPANA, observational, single-centre
- COPANA
- Observational
- Single-centre
Primary result
As reported in the abstract
AGD by sex, fetal (gestational week 29-34) and infant (minipuberty)
Fetal AGD correlated with infant AGD in boys (Spearman r)
.275
P < .001
Fetal AGD correlated with infant AGD in girls (Spearman r)
.189
P = .001
Further findings
Fetal AGD vs testosterone or DHT at minipuberty · ≈3.5 months postpartum
- Fetal AGD did not correlate with circulating testosterone or DHT at minipuberty
Stretched penile length vs testosterone at minipuberty · ≈3.5 months postpartum
- Penile size correlated positively with circulating androgen levels; stretched penile length vs testosterone (r)
- .235, P < .001
Original publication
Longitudinal Evaluation of Fetal and Infant AGD in Healthy Children: Association With Penile Size, Testosterone, and DHT. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. Published 18 May 2024. doi:10.
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