Interaction between dietary omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, obesity and gut microbiota in preclinical models: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Authors' conclusion
These preclinical evidence suggest the potential of omega-3 PUFAs as a promising dietary intervention for obesity management through gut microbiota modulation.
Study context
- Population
- Preclinical high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity models; searches from inception to May 2025 (PubMed/Embase, Web of Science)
- Participants
- 32 trials
- Comparison
- Dietary omega-3 PUFA supplementation vs HFD controls in HFD-induced obesity models
- Outcome
- Body weight regulation and gut microbiota modulation
Pooled result
As reported in the abstract
Body weight, adiposity and gut microbiota
- Omega-3 PUFA consistently attenuated HFD-induced weight gain and adiposity; body weight remained elevated vs low-fat diet controls
- Significant gut microbiota compositional changes; reduced Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio
- Enrichment of Akkermansia muciniphila, Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, correlating with enhanced short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, improved gut barrier integrity and reduced systemic inflammation
- Suppression of Desulfovibrio and Lachnoclostridium
- 25 studies HFD with omega-3 supplementation; 7 studies HFD prior to omega-3 supplementation
Original publication
Interaction between dietary omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, obesity and gut microbiota in preclinical models: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Obes Metab. Published 19 June 2025. doi:10.
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