Independent association of history of diabetic foot with all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes: the Renal Insufficiency And Cardiovascular Events (RIACE) Italian Multicenter Study
Main finding · All-cause deathResult — go to the resultAdjusted hazard ratio 1.502 95% CI 1.346–1.676Authors' conclusion
In patients with type 2 diabetes, an history of diabetic foot event, including ulcer/gangrene, amputation, and lower limb revascularization, was associated with a ~ 50% increased risk of subsequent death, independent of cardiovascular risk factors, other complications and severe comorbidities, which were also significantly associated with mortality. The association with mortality was greatest for amputation, whereas that for revascularization alone was relatively modest.
Study context
- Population
- Caucasian patients with T2D, 19 Italian centers, enrolled 2006–200815,656 with mortality data
- Participants
- 15,773 patients
- Exposure
- History of diabetic foot vs no history
- History of diabetic footn = 892
- Outcome
- All-cause mortality
- Follow-up
- 7.42-year follow-up
Methodological detailsmulticenter, 19 Italian centers
- Multicenter
- 19 Italian centers
Main finding
All-cause death
Adjusted hazard ratio
1.502
95% CI 1.346–1.676
P < 0.0001
As reported in the abstract
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
All-cause death by diabetic foot component · 7.42-year follow-up
| aHR (CI) | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Amputation alone | 1.874 (1.144–3.070) | P = 0.013 | |
| Ulcer/gangrene alone | 1.567 (1.353–1.814) | P < 0.0001 | |
| Ulcer/gangrene/amputation alone | 1.641 (1.420–1.895) | P < 0.0001 | |
| Lower limb revascularization alone | 1.229 (1.024–1.475) | P = 0.018 | |
| Ulcer/gangrene/amputation + revascularization | 1.733 (1.368–2.196) | P < 0.0001 | |
| 0.20.5125Adjusted hazard ratio (log scale) |
Original publication
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