Incretin‐based drugs and the risk of diabetic retinopathy among individuals with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies
Authors' conclusion
This study suggests that the use of incretin-based drugs is not associated with the risk of diabetic retinopathy among individuals with type 2 diabetes. However, these findings should be interpreted with caution considering the limited quality of some of the available evidence.
Study context
- Population
- Individuals with T2D; observational studies from Cochrane Library, Embase and Medline14 studies
- Comparison
- Incretin-based drugs and risk of DR
- Outcome
- Risk of DR
Methodological detailsrandom-effects model (DerSimonian and Laird, Hartung-Knapp extension), risk of bias assessed with ROBINS-I
- Random-effects model (DerSimonian and Laird, Hartung-Knapp extension)
- Risk of bias assessed with ROBINS-I
Pooled result
As reported in the abstract
Relative risk (95% CI)
DPP-4 inhibitors
0.98(0.83–1.17)
GLP-1 RAs
0.87(0.56–1.34)
Further pooled results
Studies included and risk of bias
- Studies examining DPP-4i
- 10
- Studies examining GLP-1 RA
- seven
- Studies of incident DR
- Nine
- Studies of DR progression
- six
- Studies of both outcomes
- two
- Moderate risk of bias
- Seven
- Serious risk of bias
- four
- Critical risk of bias
- three
Parts of this Brief are withheld: the automatic checks could not confirm them against the abstract.
Original publication
Incretin‐based drugs and the risk of diabetic retinopathy among individuals with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies. Diabetes Obes Metab. Published 29 November 2023. doi:10.
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