In adults living with type 1 diabetes, additional autoimmune diseases are associated with more chronic complications and depression. A BETTER registry analysis
Authors' conclusion
For people with T1D, living with additional ADs is associated with higher levels of physical and mental diabetes complications, warranting regular screening in this population.
Study context
- Population
- Adults with T1D in the BETTER registry; 66.2 % female, 42.7 ± 15.0 years36.3 % reported ≥ 1 AD+
- Participants
- 3,222 adults
- Exposure
- T1D with additional AD vs T1D alone
- Outcome
- Hypoglycaemia, vascular complications and mental health, AD+ vs AD-
Methodological detailsregistry-based
- Registry-based
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
AD+ vs AD-Odds ratio (95 % CI)
Level 2 hypoglycemia in the past month
1.27(1.06–1.52)
Level 3 hypoglycemia since diagnosis
1.22(1.05–1.42)
CVD
1.40(1.03–1.90)
Nephropathy
1.49(1.19–1.86)
Neuropathy
1.38(1.13–1.69)
Retinopathy
1.48(1.22–1.78)
Anxiety/depression medication use
1.31(1.10–1.56)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Number of AD+ and depression scores, level 3 hypoglycaemia, number of chronic complications
- Depression scores, 1 AD+
- P = 0.055
- Depression scores, 2+ AD+
- P = 0.027
- Level 3 hypoglycemia since diagnosis, 1 AD+
- P = 0.037
- Level 3 hypoglycemia since diagnosis, 2+ AD+
- P = 0.025
- Number of chronic complications, 1 AD+
- P < 0.001
- Number of chronic complications, 2+ AD+
- P < 0.001
- Number of AD+ positively associated
Group characteristics
- AD+ older than AD-
- +4.4 years
- AD+ more female than AD-
- +17.7 %
Original publication
In adults living with type 1 diabetes, additional autoimmune diseases are associated with more chronic complications and depression. A BETTER registry analysis. Diabetes Metab. Published 20 June 2025. doi:10.
Composed by AI from the published abstract and checked against it. How Briefs are made →