Impact of COVID-19 and Non-COVID-19 Hospitalized Pneumonia on Longer-Term Cardiovascular Mortality in People With Type 2 Diabetes: A Nationwide Prospective Cohort Study From Scotland
Authors' conclusion
Hospitalized pneumonia, irrespective of causal agent, marks an increased risk for CVD death immediately and over the long-term. COVID-19 pneumonia poses a higher CVD death risk than other pneumonias in the short-term, but this distinction diminishes over time. These insights underscore the need for including pneumonia in CVD risk assessments, with particular attention to the acute impact of COVID-19 pneumonia.
Study context
- Population
- People with T2D in Scotland, two cohorts: 2016 and at 2020 pandemic onsettwo cohorts
- Exposure
- Hospitalised COVID-19 pneumonia vs non-COVID-19 pneumonia
- Outcome
- CVD death
- Follow-up
- Median 1,461 days (2016 cohort) and 700 days (2020 cohort)
Methodological detailsSCI-Diabetes register, record linkage, Poisson regression adjusted for confounders
- SCI-Diabetes register
- Record linkage
- Poisson regression adjusted for confounders
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Each group vs no pneumoniaEstimate (95% CI)
Non-COVID-19 pneumoniaprepandemic
adjusted RR 5.51(5.31–5.71)
Non-COVID-19 pneumoniaduring the pandemic
adjusted RR 7.3(6.86–7.76)
COVID-19 pneumonia
RR 9.13(8.55–9.75)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
| Outcome | RR (CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| CVD death beyond 30 days post pneumonia · >30 days post pneumoniaNon-COVID-19 pneumoniavs No pneumonia | 4.24 (3.90–4.60) | |
| CVD death beyond 30 days post pneumonia · >30 days post pneumoniaCOVID-19 pneumoniavs No pneumonia | 3.35 (3.00–3.74) | |
| 0.20.5125Relative risk (log scale) |
- Cardiovascular disease (CVD) death beyond 30 days post pneumonia: Rate ratios (RRs) converged; consistent even with exclusion of prior CVD cases
Original publication
Impact of COVID-19 and Non-COVID-19 Hospitalized Pneumonia on Longer-Term Cardiovascular Mortality in People With Type 2 Diabetes: A Nationwide Prospective Cohort Study From Scotland. Diabetes Care. Published 18 June 2024. doi:10.
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