Glucose Parameters, Inflammation Markers, and Gut Microbiota Changes of Gut Microbiome–Targeted Therapies in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors' conclusion
MTTs modestly improved glucometabolic parameters, reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines, and enriched beneficial microbes (eg, Actinobacteria, Lactobacillus) in subjects with T2DM. However, heterogeneity and limited long-term data highlight the need for large-scale RCTs.
Study context
- Population
- Patients with T2D receiving microbiome-targeted therapies (MTTs); Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from 4 databases60 groups
- Participants
- 3,390 patients54 RCTs
- Comparison
- Gut microbiome-targeted therapies vs control
- Outcome
- Glucometabolic parameters
Methodological detailssubgroup analyses
- Subgroup analyses
Pooled result
As reported in the abstract
MTTsMD, mg/dL (95% CI)P value
FPG
−7.97(−10.82 to −5.12)
P < 0.000012-hour postprandial blood glucose
−43.30(−75.83 to −10.77)
P = 0.009MTTsMD, uU/mL (95% CI)P value
Fasting insulin
−1.73(−2.63 to −0.84)
P = 0.0001MTTsMD, % (95% CI)P value
HbA1c
−0.28(−0.39 to −0.17)
P < 0.00001MTTsMD (95% CI)P value
HOMA-IR
−0.53(−0.85 to −0.20)
P = 0.0002Further pooled results
Inflammation markers
- MTTs reduced high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor alpha and lipopolysaccharides
- Interleukin-10 levels increased
Gut microbiota
- Abundance of Actinobacteria, Lactobacillus and Lactobacillus casei subgroup increased
Original publication
Glucose Parameters, Inflammation Markers, and Gut Microbiota Changes of Gut Microbiome–Targeted Therapies in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. Published 9 June 2025. doi:10.
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